| Robinsonecio gerberifolius (Sch. Bip. ex Hemsl.) T.M. Barkley & Janovec, 1996 |
| Robinsonecio porphyresthes (T.M. Barkley) T.M. Barkley & Janovec, 1996 |
| Rockhausenia D.J.N. Hind, 2022 |
| Rockhausenia nubigena (Kunth) D.J.N. Hind, 2022 |
| Rojasianthe Standl. & Steyerm., 1940 |
| Rojasianthe superba Standl. & Steyerm., 1940 |
| Rojasianthinae Panero, 2002 |
| Rolandra Rottb., 1775 |
| Rolandra septans Willd. ex Less., 1829 |
| Rolandrinae Cass. ex Dumort., 1829 |
| Roldana La Llave, 1825 |
| Roldana acutangula (Bertol.) H. Rob. & Brettell, 1974 |
| Roldana albonervia (Greenm.) H. Rob. & Brettell, 1974 |
| Roldana aliena (B.L. Rob. & Seaton) Funston, 2008 |
| Roldana angulifolia (DC.) H. Rob. & Brettell, 1974 |
| Roldana anisophylla (Klatt) Funston, 2001 |
| Roldana aschenborniana (S. Schauer) H. Rob. & Brettell, 1974 |
| Roldana barba-johannis (DC.) H. Rob. & Brettell, 1974 |
| Roldana breedlovei H. Rob. & Brettell, 1974 |
| Roldana calzadana B.L. Turner, 1996 |