| Croton pulcherrimus Willd. ex Schltdl., 1831 |
| Croton punctatus Jacq., 1787 |
| Croton purpusii Brandegee, 1915 |
| Croton pyramidalis Donn. Sm., 1903 |
| Croton pyriticus Croizat, 1945 |
| Croton quercetorum Croizat, 1942 |
| Croton ramillatus Croizat, 1945 |
| Croton ramillatus var. insignilobus Croizat, 1945 |
| Croton reflexifolius Kunth, 1817 |
| Croton repens Schltdl., 1847 |
| Croton rigidus (Müll. Arg.) Britton, 1924 |
| Croton riparius Kunth, 1817 |
| Croton rivinifolius Kunth, 1817 |
| Croton rojasii V.W. Steinm., 2021 |
| Croton rosarianus Mart. Gord. & Cruz Durán, 2002 |
| Croton roxanae Croizat, 1940 |
| Croton rzedowskii M.C. Johnst., 1968 |
| Croton salvifolius Mill., 1768 |
| Croton sancti-lazari Croizat, 1945 |
| Croton sanguifluus Kunth, 1817 |